Why the Windows Server 2016 Backup Does Not Work?
Option 1
Enter the command:
Dism /online /Enable-Feature /FeatureName:WindowsServerBackupSnapin /All
This command also allows you to restore the functionality of other services without having to reinstall the entire operating system.
Option 2
If the previous method did not help, at the command line type:
wbadmin delete catalog
Option 3
There might also be a problem with the framework, do:
sfc /scannow
and restart the server.